Thursday, September 13, 2012

Harlow M Church Dispatches from Formosa, 1946

The caption on the website reads "This photograph appeared in American newspapers on April 8, 1946. The caption read, "These are Formosan col miners. Barely 8 years old, the boys toil underground to extract coal that never reaches the Formosan people, except through the black market whose prices are far beyond the nudgets of miners' families. This exclusive Acme photo was made by Harlow M. Church, first Occidental photographer to visit Formosa since 1936, when the Japs banned all Occidentals from the island."
Harlow M Church wrote several articles on the transition from Japanese to Chinese Nationalist rule in April of 1946, apparently one of the first foreign correspondents to arrive on Formosa after the occupation by the Chiang regime. As you can see he found what other correspondents, arriving later, would also find: a corrupt regime busy devastating the economy and alienating the locals. [UPDATE: A commenter found this article on Google News. It is much easier to read. Thanks!]

One article he wrote (Altoona Mirror, Apr 15, 1946):

CHINESE POLICE INADEQUATE
The handful of Chinese police sent to Formosa like the one shown above chasing a would-be train passenger from an over-crowded train at Taihoku cannot cope with liberation crime wave. They replace a large efficient police force maintained by the Japs who didn't make any allowances for the barrier that separates them from the Formosans. The Formosans speak a south China dialect that few of the officials know or understand. Some 65 per cent of the population speak the Japanese they learned during the Nips occupation. But all official documents and proclamations were printed in Mandarin, the official Chinese which is completely incomprehensible to the Formosans and Mandarin was the only language spoken by central government officials and police who first arrived to administer the island. Only a handful of Chinese police have been sent to the island to take the place of the large contingent of Japanese police force that maintained law and order. And the Chinese seem reluctant to employ native Formosans as police. As a result a wave of crime and gangsterism has swept the island. Most Formosans fear to leave their homes after dark or leave them unattended during the day. Child kidnapping became so widespread that newspapers pleaded with Formosan mothers not to leave their children alone for a minute lest they be kidnaped and sold into slavery in China The most feared and best gang of thugs and bandits are the Roma, Formosan for Slimy Eels. The Slimy Eels were suppressed by the Japanese during their occupation and the Nips maintained a special prison with special methods of punishment for them. Now in roving bands that cover every province they keep the local population in abject fear. Many arrests have been made but they haven't resulted in any business for the island's criminal lawyers. The Slimy Eels have apparently been able to settle their cases by negotiating directly with local authorities. The government's failure to distribute rice, sugar, and coal with resultant black market prices that have skyrocketed. The cost of living has caused widespread discontent. The Chinese government's avowed intention to keep Japanese technicians as slave labor to keep Formosa's industries going has raised a large cry of public ment. The Formosans feel that they're technically able to fill most of the jobs and that the use of slave labor will  cause mounting unemployment. The Formosans place no small share of the blame for the present plight on the United States. They feel that the lion of least until the formal peace treaty has been signed should have been a joint affair with the Formosans left in control of civil government as much possible. The American army and navy trained thousands of special officers for Formosan administrative posts in anticipation of the invasion of the island that became unnecessary after Japan's surrender. FIRST SINCE 1936 who went to Taiwan, Harlow M Church. "Lighting or aborigine from Formosa's..." Only one of the thousands trained Is actually serving in the Island. In August the United States offered an American army and navy advisory group to assist the Chinese in administrating the land but the Chinese have completely and consistently ignored any advice or suggestions or the ment no authority and furnished no backing by our state department despite repeated pleas and requests. The advisory group became the Formosan liaison group. Then after scores more of requests for clarification of authority and a clear definition of Its ties in Formosa went unheeded. It degenerated into the Formosan repatriation group, an organization of less than 100 men in the entire Island, whose sole task it is to repatriate the Japanese soldiers and civilians from the island. Chinese responsiveness to American aid or advice In the governing of the island can best be summed up by one Chinese colonel's answer to an American request "The Americans should be driven into the ocean at the point of Chinese bayonets" [MT: lotsa editing by me, sorry couldn't rescue it all]
"newspapers pleaded with Formosan mothers not to leave their children alone for a minute lest they be kidnaped and sold into slavery in China" ... Was this the origin of that longstanding urban legend of babies kidnapped and sold to China as slave beggars (Ex: "My uncle found his neighbor's boy in Shanghai with his tongue cut out.")

Other versions of this report may be found at the Brownsville Herald, Gastonia Daily Gazette, Portsmouth Times, and Lima News. Church had another piece in the Independent Record which is a mess, but you can still get the flavor:

June 2, 1946 
Rice Market Is Problem For Formosa 
Graft and Thievery Flourish in Unfortunate Land 
By Harlow M. Church

Is the watchword of Chinese rule in Formosa The in Its is an arresting picture of democracy at not in American occupation forces cured tho Island after the nese surrender and turned it over to Chinese forces when their first troops landed on Oct. 1040. Government by has been in active operation ever One of tho first acts of the Chinese administration was the seizure of tho Taiwan Development tho Japanese sored monopoly corporation that completely controlled the chase and sale of the Island's principal conl and well as the bulk of the island's the Chinese look over all of tho Japanese army and navy rice All of they told the was to assure sufficient rice for the Chinese occupation They didn't point out to the For- mosans that the Japanese had a two-year supply of rico for their troops and that the Chinese occupation forces totaled something less than The Taiwan Development company then purchased the entire 1945 fall rice crop which had Just been ed yen per a Chinese weight unit that equals 1.33 This move didn't surprise the Formosans because the com- when controlled by the bought the island's entire with the exception of needed by the ors for their own then of- tho rice for public salo at four yon per The Japanese used the com- profits on these tions to purchase commercial needed by the rice growers or yield that fed tho entire Island nnd still allowed per cent of tho to exported to The Chinese government ised to administer tho company In tho siime but tho ad- ministration line beon n ly one-way Tho Is bought nl tho two yen price
I had never heard of Harlow Church before, so hope you enjoyed finding out about his existence as much as I have....
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Corvallis Story Makes It Big

China thuggery in Corvallis, Oregon over the Tibet and Taiwan mural (my post) goes global with news reports in major media (Corvallis own media report on global media). Even the Rep. for that district in Oregon got into it in Congress (video).

Kudos to everyone who made the effort to get this story out!!
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Monday, September 10, 2012

Rounding Up the Island Disputes Mess

At the Municipal Museum in Chiayi City. Floors 1 and 3 may be safely ignored, but the second floor has a large collection of fossils, mostly shells, from sites in the Chiayi area. Here I ponder a block of creatures from another time, one fossil to another.

In a long discussed move, Japan has confirmed that the government has purchased the Senkaku (Diaoyutai in Beijing and Taipei) Islands (BBC report). Taipei has already stated it will not recognize any such purchase since the ROC owns those islands (just as it owns Mongolia and Tibet). Indeed, the ROC representative in Tokyo chided the Japanese in a newspaper article, saying they must work toward solving the "territorial dispute." President Ma meanwhile made a two-hour trip to Pengjia Islet, to shake his fist at the Japanese. Yawn.

President Ma has called for three nation (Taipei, Beijing, Tokyo) talks on the various island issues, which he calls the 東海和平倡議. Yes, the "east sea" as a friend pointed out, a Chinese term. Ma, no pragmatist, constantly references his Chinese identity in affairs like this; the seas are "east" from the perspective of China (full text of his speech).

ROC spokespersons invariably use "Taiwan" in these disputes. The obvious goal of all this "Taiwan" talk, reinforced in the media which sloppily attributes the ROC claim to the Senkakus to "Taiwan", is to get the Taiwanese people to identify with the ROC in this matter and to make a dent in their love of Japan by making them imagine that "Taiwan" owns the Senkakus. Very slick and slippery. For some Taiwanese it appears to be working.

In addition, Taipei's attempts to increase its position in the island disputes is an obvious move to make foreign policy progress somewhere, anywhere. Since the KMT and CCP agreed on the "diplomatic truce" the Ma government has had nothing to show for five years of diplomacy: ECFA is a bust, the Ryan Leaf of trade agreements, no FTAs, no new "diplomatic allies" and no real increased participation in international organizations. The island disputes offer scope for President Ma to look assertive and protective of the national polity, to look like a Big Man. This is a common approach for political leaders the world over: when the economy is sputtering and domestic affairs are a mess, make a bold move in foreign policy! As the Taipei Times noted in an editorial, the problem is that Ma risks aligning Taiwan with Beijing in the dispute, which would undermine its own sovereignty, and of course, Taiwan lacks the clout to bring either Beijing or Tokyo to the table.

RELATED LINKS:
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Daily Links, Sept 10, 2012

I love Taiwan's leaf camouflage butterflies. 

Another round of links for the week.... I moved the islands stuff to the post above, tons of it this week....

BLOGS:
MEDIA:
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Sunday, September 09, 2012

Malaysia Interlude II

Kenji and Jeff on Labuan Island in 2011

As you all know, I really love Malaysia and have gone there the last two years to enjoy a couple of weeks of cycling in Borneo each time. The people there are really wonderful -- friendly, outgoing, and always ready to laugh. I love the food, and the drivers are great. As a cyclist you get to go places tourists don't usually go, so you meet all kinds of interesting people. So when the good people at Tourism Malaysia contacted me and said write for us! I was totally happy to. Here is my second piece, this time in English, on Twenty-Four Hours in Kota Kinabalu. Pictures by me too! I'm heading back to Malaysia in January to ride the Peninsula for a couple of weeks. Would love to have you along!

This article was part of a publication for Tourism Malaysia. If you enjoyed this article and would like to find out more about travelling to Malaysia, please visit the Tourism Malaysia website如果你喜歡本文並且想要瞭解更多關於去馬來西亞旅遊的知識,那麼請訪問馬來西亞旅遊網站

China Officials Harass Corvallis Mural Owner

The lengths to which the thugs in Beijing will go are truly amazing....China consulate harasses mural owner.
Citing “strong resentment from the local Chinese community,” the Chinese government has asked the city of Corvallis to force a Taiwanese-American businessman to remove a mural advocating independence for Taiwan and Tibet from his downtown building.

But city leaders say the mural violates no laws and its political message is protected under the U.S. Constitution.

Taiwanese artist Chao Tsung-song painted the 10-foot-by-100-foot mural last month on the side of the old Corvallis MicroTechnology building at Southwest Fourth Street and Jefferson Avenue. The work was commissioned by property owner David Lin, who is renovating the space for a restaurant and has rechristened the building Tibet House.

In vivid colors, the painting depicts riot police beating Tibetan demonstrators, Buddhist monks setting themselves on fire to protest Chinese rule and images of Taiwan as a bulwark of freedom.

In a letter dated Aug. 8, the Chinese Consulate General in San Francisco formally complained to Corvallis Mayor Julie Manning about the mural’s content and asked for her help in having it removed.
In its own way, scarier than the thuggish response of the consulate is actually the self-censorship of some of the individuals discussed further down in the story. This kind of threats and harassment has an effect...
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Saturday, September 08, 2012

Urban Farming Takes Off in Taiwan: Plant Factories

Commonwealth Magazine has an interesting article on a growing trend in Taiwan: plant factories in urban areas:
Chang has cleared out pricey commercial space to raise vegetables and is using the plant factories to "add value" to the property. He is also using the food shortage to test a new commercial model.

A wave of corporations is currently panning for gold among the leafy greens, by cultivating green enterprises driven by food production. Such high-profile brands as IBM and Toyota are getting in on the game of plant factories.

Hon Hai Precision Industry Co. Ltd. chairman Terry Gou, Delta Electronics Inc. honorary chairman Bruce Cheng, Kinpo Group chairman Rock Hsu, Lite-On Technology Corp. chairman K.Y. Sung and Everlight Electronics chairman Robert Yeh have all separately taken the plunge into agricultural enterprises.
Food prices in Taiwan have risen so much that it is now profitable to turn valuable urban space into basement vegetable farms. According to the article, the motives are manifold -- margins are higher than in the tech industry, and the farms use all sorts of computer controlled automation and environmental management equipment, a product market Taiwanese firms want to jump into. As one exec quoted in the article notes "What other country has LED, IT and agricultural technologies all at once?"

The article also says that plant factories have other positive effects. Because they are stacked, yields per unit of land are much higher than for farmland. Water use is much lower. Located right in urban areas, transport costs and spoilage are also far lower. Moreover, plants that cannot be grown locally may be produced in a plant factory. Finally, because such plants are stacked, they are scalable -- they can be adjusted to the available space, from a giant basement to a refrigerator sized product for in-home gardening.

An article from Taiwan Today last year discussed the developing industry:
In addition, he said, as plant factories are more highly controlled environments than greenhouses, resources that fuel plant growth can be utilized more efficiently. “For example, extra water in a typical greenhouse or field just overflows to drains or evaporates, but in a plant factory, condensed water is eventually captured in air conditioners and reused on plants,” he said. “Therefore, the amount of irrigation water required is only about 2 percent of that needed in open-field farming.”

Despite all these advantages, in Taiwan this new way of farming is developing slowly and sporadically, on a small scale, due to higher initial equipment investment, Fang said. Other concerns include higher energy costs, inadequately developed cultivation technology, a limited range of crops and blander-tasting vegetables than those grown by more traditional methods.
In the past, such operations used high pressure sodium lights, which meant that they had to be (expensively) air conditioned. However, the rise of cool LEDs has revolutionized the potential of the industry. LED manufacturers are thus leading the way in this industry, since artificial light is a key requirement. The Taiwan Today article also noted that Taiwan's East Asian neighbors are also eyeing the industry, with such factories already in operation in Japan and China. ITRI in Taiwan has formed an industrial association to develop the industry in Taiwan.
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Daily Links:
From China Reform Monitor:
Russian military news agency Interfax-AVN has reported a series of Chinese military procurements from Russian arms manufacturers. Last month Russian state weapons exporter Rosoboronexport agreed to supply China with 55 Mil Mi-171E multirole transport helicopters and a large shipment of aircraft engines. China and Russia are also in contract talks over the new Russian Sukhoi Su-35 multirole fighter aircraft and Russia’s new S-400 “Triumph” surface-to-air missile system, which Interfax-AVN “could be signed in the foreseeable future.”
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Change.Org petition on ISO "Taiwan, Province of China"


Fried food vendor in a Chiayi night market.

Change.org petition to the Central Secretariat of the ISO to change its ridiculous "Taiwan, Province of China" designation to Taiwan. Go thou and sign!
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Two by Gertz


Taking a break in Chiayi City in front of the Municipal Museum. 

Bill Gertz had two pieces of interesting news this week in the Wash Times. First, he wrote about the Romney advisors and their strange views. After stating that right-wingers are worried that Romney's advisors are too liberal, Gertz wrote:
Of particular concern were statements by Richard Williamson, a former ambassador who was introduced as the top adviser on foreign policy, and former Sen. Jim Talent, the senior defense adviser who in several meetings asserted that Russia is the United States’ “main geopolitical foe.”

By contrast, the advisers described the strategic threat from China as a less-threatening, manageable trade, currency and intellectual-property challenge. Both advisers spoke about Mr. Romney’s Asia policy and were critical of the Obama administration’s new, tougher China policy, called the Asia “pivot,” which seeks to bolster U.S. military forces and build up alliances in the region to counter China’s growing military power and regional aggressiveness.

The advisers said the rebalancing toward Asia is a mistake and that Mr. Romney will not agree to support it as president. Mr. Talent, in one meeting, described the Asia pivot as a “fig leaf” with no substance.

Mr. Williamson in two separate talks in Tampa revealed his admiration for Clinton administration China hand Kenneth Lieberthal, one of the most pro-China national security officials of an administration that produced a China influence-peddling scandal and the loss of nuclear-warhead secrets to Beijing through espionage. Mr. Williamson quoted his China expert “friend” Mr. Lieberthal during one briefing.

Readers of Inside the Ring will recall how Mr. Lieberthal was taken to task by Rep. Dana Rohrabacher at a congressional hearing in 2008, when the California Republican questioned Mr. Lieberthal’s credibility as a China expert because Mr. Lieberthal acknowledged working for a major Washington consultancy that had received money from China.


Mr. Williamson at one point quoted Mr. Lieberthal’s book that praised President Obama for his role in improving U.S. relations with China.

Another off-the-record GOP foreign aid session in Tampa hosted by the International Republican Institute included Mr. Williamson, Mr. Talent, and former State Department officials Paula Dobriansky and Mitchell Reiss, who all spoke about Mr. Romney’s strategic priorities.

“All of them said that foreign aid and the war on HIV/AIDs in Africa would be Romney’s highest priorities,” said one surprised participant. “No one listed China among the future priorities for a Romney presidency.”

The rise of liberal foreign-policy advisers comes as more hawkish advisers, including those liberals have labeled neoconservatives, appear to be on the decline within the campaign.

While Mr. Williamson said he will be traveling full time with Mr. Romney on the campaign and leaving his consulting business Salisbury Strategies, former U.N. Ambassador John R. Bolton, once called a special adviser to Mr. Romney, has more recently been described in appearances as an “informal adviser” to the candidate, an apparent demotion.
If true, it's quite interesting. One of the silver linings to a Romney Presidency, I had thought, would be greater support for Taiwan. But if this is the kind of advice that Romney is getting... it seems rather strange, however, like an April Fool's joke or some kind of bizarre move to pressure Romney. For example, I find it difficult to believe that a Romney priority will be HIV in Africa and foreign aid.

 Gertz also announced that the Chinese had been conducting missile tests that they didn't tell anyone about.
Gertz said US intelligence agencies had monitored a fourth flight test last week of the Dong Feng-31A (DF-31A) intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). It was fired from China’s Wuzhai Space and Missile Test Center in Shanxi Province to an impact range in western China.

“Thursday’s DF-31A test came ten days after the flight test at Wuzhai of a silo-based CSS-4 Mod 2 long-range missile, and several weeks after flight tests of a new road-mobile DF-41 ICBM, on July 24, and a submarine-launched JL-2 missile on August 16,” Gertz wrote.

“China’s secretive military made no mention of any of the tests,” he said. According to Gertz, US intelligence officials believe the DF-41 will eventually be outfitted with between three and 10 warheads.

....

Richard Fisher, a specialist on China’s military with the International Assessment and Strategy Center, told the Taipei Times that the testing represents a new level of capability for China’s nuclear forces.

“It may mark the beginning of a new era in which China fields multiple ICBM types armed with multiple warheads,” Fisher said.
Could affect Taiwan. The Taipei Times reported that China now had 1,600 missiles facing Taiwan -- the number has become a kind of atomic clock, signifying Taiwan's ultimate end.....

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Thursday, September 06, 2012

Inflation Jumps to 3.42%; welcome to the new food world

Penghu_2_12
Singers in Chiayi city. 

The government's latest calculations...
The consumer price index (CPI) rose 3.42 percent last month from a year ago, following a 2.46 percent increase in July. It marked the highest level since August 2008, when the index expanded 4.68 percent, the DGBAS said in its monthly report.

DGBAS section chief Wang Shu-chuan (王淑娟) attributed the higher-than-expected rise in consumer prices last month to the surge in vegetable and fruit prices triggered by the two typhoons — Saola and Tembin — and torrential rains.

Vegetable prices increased 57.93 percent last month from a year earlier, the highest since October 2007, while fruit prices rose 20.14 percent, the report said.
Wow. Analysts also said that rising global fuel costs are an issue. Note that the rising grain prices due to the drought in the US have yet to affect prices here, but they will probably start impacting small bakeries at some point. The Japan Times scribes:
The FAO's price index increased 23 percent for corn, 19 percent for wheat and 12 percent for sugar in July from the previous month. The futures prices at the Chicago Merchandise Exchange have soared about 40 percent for corn and wheat, and about 30 percent for soybeans in the past two months.
Other factors are complicating demand -- rising grain prices and lack of grain have driven up meat prices, which were also being pushed up by long-term rising demand in developing nations as their incomes rise. And of course, America's insane biofuels policy, which consumes 40% of our corn crop, also drives up food prices. The Taipei Times ran a good overview commentary on the worsening global food issue a few days back.

Since gov't inflation reports are heavily influenced in a downward direction by political factors, just add whatever fudge factor you think is appropriate to arrive at the real figure. Veggies are so expensive I got into the foul habit of curbing my consumption of them. I expect that in the next few years, there is going to be a huge expansion of home and rooftop gardening in Taiwan as it begins to sink into the urban service working classes that high food costs are here to stay. Buy land ASAP, folks....

Taiwan's overall food security situation is grim. Many articles tell tales similar to this one:
According to Peng, rising energy cost and the unaffordable price of petroleum for cross-ocean shipping will be part of the cause that will kill global food trade. Research done by Oxford University reveals that this is likely to happen in 13 years. The report says that world production of petroleum will meet only half of world’s need in 2023. Or if the prediction of World Energy Outlook– which foresees the price of each barrel of petroleum will rise to USD 200 in 2030–comes true, then the cost of shipping will get too high to continue cross-ocean food trade. Food exporting countries will also cut their production because it will be too expensive.

Actually something like this already happened in 2008 when the petroleum price rose to 120 USD per barrel. At that time Taiwan suspended importing sweet corn from the U.S and gave special permission to import it from China. The follow-up question is: Can China be the alternative when China’s food self-sufficiency rate is only 95% and dropping?
The petroleum price predictions here are likely nonsense -- the world has plenty of oil as shale and slate oil sources remain largely untapped, far more than peak oil theorists originally realized -- but the 2008 issues remain. As China's food demand increases, emergency food imports to Taiwan will become more difficult. The US is likely to become a far less reliable supplier given that drought will only worsen there over time as humans continue to relentlessly heat the planet. What policies does Taiwan have in place to promote long-term food security?
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Wednesday, September 05, 2012

Paper on Parade: Politics and Headhunting among the Formosan Sejiq

I got hold of a copy of Scott Simon's Politics and Headhunting among the Formosan Sejiq: Ethnohistorical Perspectives, from Oceania. This paper is a fascinating exploration of the political meaning behind headhunting among the Formosan aborigines, in this case, the Sejiq.

In his abstract Simon lays out some major themes of the paper....
 Memories of headhunting, and ritual re-enactments of those former violent practices, are still politically meaningful in contemporary Oceania and Southeast Asia. The case of the Sejiq of Taiwan illustrates how such practices were transformed and eventually terminated as a result of colonialism and the incorporation of formerly stateless peoples into new political institutions. Headhunting was once an expression of the sacred law of Gaya, as both a reinforcement of territorial boundaries and a way of settling legal disputes within communities. It expressed tensions in a ‘reverse dominance hierarchy’ by which some men tried to consolidate political power, but were usually deterred by a strong egalitarian ethos.
Simon did 18 months of fieldwork in Taiwan among the Sejiq, and is thoroughly versed in the earlier anthropological literature of the Japanese anthropologists who worked in Taiwan during the colonial era. They were completely embedded and entangled in the Japanese colonial state, he notes, but the excellence of their survey work was recognized even by their contemporaries.

What is headhunting? The paper introduces the local term mgaya, related to Gaya, sacred law. Mgaya, Simon says, means something like bringing into being the sacred law. Headhunting, he argues, must be understood in terms of politics, ritual, and violence. Without ritual headhunting is mere homicide, while it is not warfare, for which there is another word and another understanding.

A few paragraphs are then spent outlining researchers' attempts to understand headhunting. Originally posited to be an attempt to gain spiritual power (mana) which would protect the community and help agriculture, headhunting was next viewed from a psychosocial perspective. Why do people participate in headhunting? Well, one answer went, it helped mediate between headhunters and neighboring communities, creating a link between those not-quite-human people next door, the foreign and the outsider, by bringing in the Outsider in the form of a head which is talked to, fed, and otherwise interacted with. Simon concludes with the explanation of Rosaldo, who saw headhunting among the Ilongot in the Philippines as a way that men vent emotion.

Simon contends that such explanations really do not explain headhunting at all, since they fail to answer basic questions like who hunts heads, how they organize themselves, and how they convince others to participate. He writes:
Rosaldo’s psychological approach is also limited. It may explain why individuals participate in  headhunting rituals, but says nothing about how the rituals are organized or contribute to political power. Nonetheless, I find three things compelling about their explanations. First of all, the Ilongot have an egalitarian ideology. Secondly, young men and older men experience headhunting differently, with the older men leading the expeditions. There is thus a form of power of older men over younger men; and younger men get access to women through participation in headhunting. Finally, as Renato Rosaldo argued (1980), the meaning and possibility of headhunting depends on the historical and political context.
Some scholars have taken an explicitly political approach to headhunting. Simon instances the Indonesian island of Sumba, where headhunting was an attack on slavers. He also points to Kenneth George's work on Sulawesi, where headhunting was a form of resistance by inland peoples against powerful coastal states. Moreover, states themselves recognized the political dimension of headhunting, banning it whenever they gained control over tribal areas. The advantage of this view is that it asks questions of headhunting in a political and collective way. However, as Simon points out, overwhelming evidence shows that headhunting existed long before states did. It thus cannot be a political response to state power. Moreover, if headhunting represents resistance to state power, why in headhunting rituals do headhunting peoples so easily replace heads with symbolic objects, such as coconuts or dolls?

Simon answers this question by looking at modern headhunting festivals....
On the surface at least, headhunting rituals at the Ancestor Festival seem to be a paradigmatic example of elite appropriation of government funding. The event is held only if local leaders of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) succeed in applying for government grants, and most villagers take no interest in it. In fact, at one such festival in a Truku (Sejiq) community in 2000, I was struck by the fact that the event was held primarily to attract tourists and that, with the exception of the organizers, Truku participation consisted merely of eating barbecued meat and drinking on the sidelines. Although they seemed to enjoy the feasting, they described the formal event as a failed attempt to attract tourists; and laughed at the organizers, whom they imagine to enrich themselves through such projects.
The anthropologist Michael Rudolph argued that modern rituals have become legitimizing or authenticating strategies for the new local elites who have access to state backing and funding, Simon observes. The work of Rudolph and other researchers shows how the creation of (new) elites in formally egalitarian communities has resulted in new and powerful social tensions. Such elites, as the Dutch realized when they appointed elites in the aboriginal communities back in the 17th century, are powerful tools for incorporation of aboriginal peoples into modern societies. "Aware of the violence and cultural loss that has accompanied political rule by outsiders," Simon writes, the new elites "create rituals that emphasize difference between the Sejiq and the politically dominant Han Taiwanese, but recreate a time in which the Sejiq were the holders of political sovereignty with a monopoly on legitimate violence."

A rich array of evidence shows that pre-state Taiwanese aboriginal societies were egalitarian societies, which means that there was no permanent class or office of power. Power was not distributed equally -- men had more than women, and men with better skills had more power than those with inferior skills. Such societies are marked by a major source of tension -- the desire of males to accumulate power, and the desire of society to prevent that and maintain egalitarianism, manifest by "leveling mechanisms" that implement a reverse dominance hierarchy by reducing or preventing the accumulation of power by potentially powerful individuals. Modern aboriginals who laugh at the new elites and their pretensions to power are engaging in one such leveling mechanism.

Headhunting exists at the nexus of the tensions and mechanisms surrounding political power, contends Simon....
"...headhunting, as a ritualized form of homicide rather than a random act of violence or organized warfare, reflected inherent political tension in societies where a reverse dominance hierarchy was challenged by ambitious individuals who sought to monopolize ritual and augment their political power. Yang Shuyuan (2005) illustrates this, in a study of Formosan Bunun headhunting, as a process of oscillation between egalitarianism and nascent social stratification when military leaders and shamans used head-hunting rituals to consolidate power. In Boehm’s terms, this is oscillation between a reverse dominance hierarchy and an orthodox dominance hierarchy."
Because headhunting is dangerous, young males had to be given incentives for participation. In many headhunting societies, including the Sejiq, headhunting was a prerequisite for marriage and full adult participation society. Headhunting is thus a collective and political act, socially sanctioned and defined by rituals and vows...

Part II tomorrow!
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Wed Night Shorts

The new blogger control panel is out. I decided to switch over since Blogger is doing a forced switch in any case. It's absolutely, painfully hideous, with no major new functionality, even introducing new clunkiness, as if designed to drive people away from Blogger. With each rebuild Blogger has actually become clunkier and more difficult to use. And no, don't tell me about Wordpress -- their interface makes the cockpit of a 747 look like a child's Lego set.

 Global Voices on the Smear Campaign that provoked the WantWant protests. The problem with WantWant is not merely that media concentration is a severe problem for a democracy, but also that WantWant has demonstrated, concretely, that it is willing to use its media organs to go after those it deems enemies. That is what sparked the protest.

Ma to visit Pengchia Islet...
The Presidential Office's statement confirmed a report in the Chinese-language China Times yesterday, which quoted sources as saying that Ma will inspect the northern islet this coming Sunday.

Since the islet is the nearest Taiwan-controlled territory to the Tiaoyutais, Ma's upcoming tour has been widely seen as a move to assert the nation's sovereignty over the disputed island chain, the report said. 
Once again, Korea is beating Taiwan! Their President went directly to a disputed island to confront Japan mano-a-mano, no mealy-mouthed trips to a place with dull, undisputed sovereignty, like a five year old trying to provoke a securely chained dog. More to the point, the President is keeping the islands in the news, both the South China Sea and Senkakus. This is a good move domestically, especially since Apple Daily had a huge headline today saying that among Asian countries Taiwan is 12th in GDP and local papers were carrying the news that hiring has now reached its lowest level in three years. ECFA has really saved us, eh? In any case it never hurts the President to be seen out defending the 'national' territory. All the noise, as a sharp observer pointed out, is meant to imply that the ROC wants to be taken seriously as a claimant. It might be, if it didn't also claim to be China.....

Oh yeah, Next Media is selling Apple Daily and a couple of other media assets.
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Don't miss the comments below! And check out my blog and its sidebars for events, links to previous posts and picture posts, and scores of links to other Taiwan blogs and forums! Delenda est, baby.

Democratic Party and Taiwan

Democratic Party Platform. Taiwan is the last sentence, one sentence. The phrase "One China" policy there is ambiguous -- is it the official Dem position that Taiwan is part of China, or are the Dems following the US One China position in which Taiwan is not part of China?

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Asia-Pacific. As we have sought to rebalance our foreign policy, we have also turned greater attention to strengthening our alliances and expanding our partnerships in the Asia-Pacific region. In part, this is in recognition that the United States has been, and always will be, a Pacific power. And, in part, it is a recognition that America’s future security and prosperity will be fundamentally interconnected with Asia given its status as the fastest growing economic region, with most of the world’s nuclear powers and about half of the world’s population. The President has therefore made a deliberate and strategic decision that the United States will play a larger and long-term role in shaping this region and its future.

President Obama has made modernizing America’s defense posture across the Asia-Pacific a top priority. We remain committed to defending and deepening our partnerships with our allies in the region: Australia, Japan, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand. We will maintain a strong presence in Japan and on the Korean Peninsula to deter and defend against provocations by states like North Korea, while enhancing our presence in Southeast Asia and in Australia. We will also expand our networks of security cooperation with other emerging partners throughout the region to combat terrorism, counter proliferation, provide disaster relief, fight piracy, and ensure maritime security, including cooperation in the South China Sea. And we will continue to invest in a long-term strategic partnership with India to support its ability to serve as a regional economic anchor and provider of security in the broader Indian Ocean region.

Meanwhile, the President is committed to continuing efforts to build a cooperative relationship with China, while being clear and candid when we have differences. The world has a profound interest in the rise of a peaceful and prosperous China, but China must also understand that it must abide by clear international standards and rules of the road. China can be a partner in reducing tensions on the Korean Peninsula, countering proliferation in Iran, confronting climate change, increasing trade, and resolving other global challenges. President Obama will continue to seek additional opportunities for cooperation with China, including greater communication between our militaries. We will do this even as we continue to be clear about the importance of the Chinese government upholding international economic rules regarding currency, export financing, intellectual property, indigenous innovation, and workers’ rights. We will consistently speak out for the importance of respecting the universal human rights of the Chinese people, including the right of the Tibetan people to preserve their cultural and religious identity. And we remain committed to a one China policy, the Taiwan Relations Act, and the peaceful resolution of cross-Strait issues that is consistent with the wishes and best interests of the people of Taiwan.
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Don't miss the comments below! And check out my blog and its sidebars for events, links to previous posts and picture posts, and scores of links to other Taiwan blogs and forums! Delenda est, baby.

Tuesday, September 04, 2012

Kerim on Seven Ways to Talk to a White Man

Peanut seller, Chiayi city.

Kerim Friedman, an anthropologist at Donghwa and all around cool guy, has an interesting piece up at Savage Minds on Seven Ways to Talk to a White Man:
Fifth is “disbelief.” Sometimes one’s interlocutor is so convinced that they won’t be able to speak to you that even evidence to the contrary doesn’t help. Sometimes, after about five minutes the realization that you might be speaking Chinese will slowly dawn and the person will look at you and ask: “Do you speak Chinese?” as if you’ve been talking to them in English all this time. I once heard a story of a scholar in China in the 80′s who was fluent in Cantonese and asked two farmers in Guangzhou for directions to XX village. They just stared at him, silent. Eventually he gave up and walked away, only to hear one farmer say to the other: “Funny, it sounded just like he was asking directions to XX village!”
If you've lived here any length of time you've probably encountered them in all their variations. The "foreigner talk" is downright nasty -- I have had university freshmen males do it -- always engineering or business students, never my medical students.
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Daily Links:
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Don't miss the comments below! And check out my blog and its sidebars for events, links to previous posts and picture posts, and scores of links to other Taiwan blogs and forums! Delenda est, baby.

Monday, September 03, 2012

Daily Links, Mon, Sept 3, 2012

Real estate marketer poetry.

First, my apologies for not doing the Monday weekly links the last couple of weeks. Been on the road all over central Taiwan, too busy with all kinds of stuff. Meanwhile, let's take a look at the blogs, where there's no such gibberish as above....

BLOGS:
MEDIA:
SENKAKU/SOUTH CHINA SEA WATCH:
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Don't miss the comments below! And check out my blog and its sidebars for events, links to previous posts and picture posts, and scores of links to other Taiwan blogs and forums! Delenda est, baby.